Proof

A proof is a trial printing of an adopted stamp design. Proofs are made to check that an engraving, plate or colour is correct before full production begins. Unlike an essay, which shows a design that was not adopted in that form, a proof shows the design as it was actually used.

Types of Proof

Die proofs are printed directly from the master die. They typically show a single image on a small card or on thin India paper mounted on card, with wide margins. Die proofs can be taken at several stages, producing progressive proofs that show the engraving being completed.

Plate proofs are printed from the finished printing plate. They look like sheets or blocks of stamps, usually on card or thin paper, without perforations or gum.

Colour trials are proofs printed in a range of colours to help choose the final shade.

Imprimaturs are sheets approved for production and retained in official records; a small number of British imprimatur examples have been released to the market.

What Proofs Reveal

Proofs let specialists study:

• How a design was developed through progressive engraving.
• Which colours were considered.
• The layout of the plate, including marginal markings.
• The earliest and sharpest state of the engraving, before plate wear.

Proofs Versus Issued Stamps

Proofs are not postage stamps and were never valid for postage. They are generally printed on different paper from issued stamps and lack perforations and gum. An imperforate proof can be confused with an imperforate error, so knowing the paper and printing of the issued stamp is important.

Collecting Proofs

Proofs survive in small numbers, often from printer’s archives or official sales. Large holdings from firms such as the American Bank Note Company and Bradbury Wilkinson have entered the market over the years. Proofs are a core component of specialised exhibits and are valued according to their type, rarity, condition and the importance of the issue.